Interproximal Reduction: What Is It & Why Is It Necessary

Interproximal reduction, often called IPR or “tooth slenderizing,” is a common orthodontic technique that can sound intimidating if you’re unfamiliar with it. In reality, IPR is a safe, conservative procedure that plays an important role in achieving a healthy, well-aligned smile. Understanding what interproximal reduction is and why it’s necessary can help you feel more confident if it’s recommended as part of your treatment plan.

What is Interproximal Reduction?

Interproximal reduction is the process of removing a very small amount of enamel from between two teeth. This is typically done using fine abrasive strips, discs, or specialized tools. The amount of enamel removed is minimal—usually fractions of a millimeter—and does not compromise the strength or health of the tooth when performed correctly.

IPR is most commonly used during orthodontic treatment, including braces and clear aligners like Invisalign. It creates a small amount of space between teeth, allowing them to move into better alignment without the need for tooth extraction.

Why is Interproximal Reduction Necessary?

One of the main reasons for IPR is dental crowding. When there isn’t enough space in the jaw for all the teeth to align properly, IPR helps create room so teeth can straighten naturally. This is especially helpful for patients with mild to moderate crowding who want to avoid extractions.

IPR can also improve the shape and proportions of teeth. Some teeth are naturally wider or more triangular, which can lead to black triangles (small gaps near the gumline) after orthodontic treatment. By carefully reshaping the sides of the teeth, IPR helps improve contact points and create a more aesthetically pleasing result.

Is Interproximal Reduction Safe?

When performed by a trained dental professional, interproximal reduction is safe and effective. Dentists carefully measure how much enamel can be removed without increasing the risk of sensitivity or cavities. In many cases, the treated areas are polished and treated with fluoride to help protect the enamel afterward.

Most patients experience little to no discomfort during IPR, and the procedure is typically quick.

What to Expect After IPR

After interproximal reduction, you may notice slight spacing between teeth, which is intentional. Orthodontic appliances or aligners gradually close these spaces as your teeth shift into their ideal positions.

Interproximal reduction is a precise, conservative technique that helps orthodontic treatment work more effectively. By creating space, improving tooth proportions, and reducing the need for extractions, IPR plays an important role in achieving a straighter, healthier, and more attractive smile.

About the Author

Dr. Travis A. Markle opened the doors to his office in 2006 before transitioning to his new location in 2019. He has nearly 2 decades of experience practicing dentistry and is a graduate of the University of Texas Health Science Center in San Antonio. He also completed a General Practice Residency at the Houston VA Hospital. Over the past years, Dr. Markle has completed hundreds of hours of continuing education through world-renowned institutions like Spear and the Dawson Academy and also stays current through membership in the American College of Dentists, among other organizations. If you need orthodontic treatment, we’d love to work with you! Schedule an appointment online or call (903) 597-7902.